來(lái)源:西安中考網(wǎng) 作者:西安中考網(wǎng) 2012-08-16 14:50:53
西安中考網(wǎng)8月16日 介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi),短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞,
一、介詞按其構(gòu)成可分為:
1. 簡(jiǎn)單介詞 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。
如:
He's worked there since 1998.
2. 復(fù)合介詞 into, onto, out of 等。
如:
She is out of school. 她畢業(yè)了。
3. 二重介詞 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。
如:
I'm from out of town. 我是從城外來(lái)的。
4. 短語(yǔ)介詞 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。
如:
I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.
我回去不是因?yàn)橄掠,而是因(yàn)槲依哿恕?/p>
二、介詞的作用:
1. 表示地點(diǎn):after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。
如:
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子們正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他們躺在一棵樹(shù)的樹(shù)陰下。
2. 表示時(shí)間:about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。
如:
After class he will tell us about the accident. 課后他將告訴我們有關(guān)事故的情況。
A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一場(chǎng)大雨下了整整三天。
The accident happened during the night. 事故發(fā)生在夜間。
3. 表示動(dòng)作:at, across, around, on, over, under 等。
如:
The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行。
The car is under repair. 汽車(chē)在修理中。
4. 表示比較:as, like, above, over, with 等。
如:
She was something like her sister. 她有幾份像她的妹妹。
Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英語(yǔ)相比,漢語(yǔ)難得多。
5. 表示原因:about, for, from, with 等。
如:
Don't worry about my lessons. 不要擔(dān)心我的功課。
Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能來(lái)。
He was angry with what I did. 他對(duì)我所做的很氣憤。
6. 表示條件:to, with, without 等。
如:
Without your advice, he would have failed. 沒(méi)有你的忠告他可能已經(jīng)失敗了。
7. 表示手段、方式:as, by, in, with 等。
如:
He behaved as a drunkard. 他的舉止如同醉漢一樣。
Learn the new words by heart. 記住這些生詞。
We see with our eyes. 我們用眼睛看。
8. 表示距離、數(shù)量:from, in, within 等。
如:
My house is ten miles from the school. 我家離學(xué)校十英里。
They were thirty in all. 他們總共有三十人。
9. 表示目的:as, for 等。
如:
I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它當(dāng)作笑話(huà)講的。
It's time for class. 到上課的時(shí)間了。
10. 表示讓步:for, with 等。
如:
For all his effort, he didn't succeed. 雖然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。
With all his money, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢(qián),但他并不快樂(lè)。
for 還可以引導(dǎo)插入語(yǔ),
例如:
I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。
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初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——介詞(練習(xí)題及答案)
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