新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開(kāi)始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了各學(xué)科的復(fù)習(xí)攻略，主要包括中考必考點(diǎn)、中考�？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)、各科復(fù)習(xí)方法、考試答題技巧等內(nèi)容，幫助各位考生梳理知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，理清做題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)！下面是《2018中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致》，僅供參考！
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致
有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，特別是動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，若主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都要加-s或-es，如：He comes．Mary cries。如果主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)，就不需加這樣的詞尾，如：I come．
They cry．而且，不管是作主要?jiǎng)釉~還是助動(dòng)詞，在第三人稱單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)后都得用is，has，does這種形式，否則用are，am，have或do。至于can，may，must這些助動(dòng)詞，在各種人稱后形式不變：
He（or She，It，My friend）comes（or sees，goes）．
He（or She，It，My friend）is waiting，has come，does go，（is，has，does作助動(dòng)詞） is kind，has a funny face，doesnothing at all．（is，has，does作主要?jiǎng)釉~）
I（or we，You，They，My friends）come（or see，go）．
I am waiting，have come，do go．We（or You，They，Myfriends）are waiting，have come，do go．（am，are，have，do作助動(dòng)詞）
I am sorry．They are kind，have funny faces，do nothingat all．（am，are，have，do作主要?jiǎng)釉~）
任何主語(yǔ)+must（or can，may，ought to，need not，darenot）come（or see，go）．
過(guò)去時(shí)可和住何主語(yǔ)一起用，只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人稱單數(shù)主語(yǔ)一起用，其他主語(yǔ)都和were一起用，如：
He was ill．I was ill．They were ill．
在將來(lái)時(shí)中主要是用shall或will，不需加詞尾，如：
They（or John and Mary） will come，shall come．
He（or It） will come，shall come．
?判斷主語(yǔ)的人稱不難，但判斷它的數(shù)有時(shí)卻并不容易。至少有39種有關(guān)數(shù)上一致的問(wèn)題，它們可以分為兩大類。
第一大類是哪個(gè)是主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題。在這類中，決定哪個(gè)詞或詞組是主語(yǔ)比決定某個(gè)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)更困難。以下面句子為例：
The students，as well as the teacher，are（or is？）in the class－room．（在決定用are還是is以前，首先得決定students和teacher哪是主語(yǔ)，還是兩者都是主語(yǔ)。）
My guide is（or are？） the stars．（是guide還是stars是真正的主語(yǔ)？）
第二大類是主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題。在這類中，決定主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)比決定哪個(gè)是主語(yǔ)更困難：
Billiards（單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？） is（or are？）my favorite game．
The phenomena（單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？） is（or are？） unbelievable．
The headquarters（單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？） is（or are？）in London．
1）第一大類：哪個(gè)是主語(yǔ)？
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常跟在主語(yǔ)后面，但有時(shí)卻放在主語(yǔ)前面，特別是在由who，which，how，when等疑問(wèn)詞或助動(dòng)詞引起的問(wèn)句中：
Who are they？
Which does she like best？
Has your wife come back from Paris？
Are the guests celebrating her birthday？
在某些倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)放在主語(yǔ)前面：
If you are not satisfied，nor is Peter．
Never in my life have I forgot her．Nobody else can I love．
Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.
“I feel bored．”“So is evrybody．”
在下面這類倒裝句中情況也如此。
There come many children．
Before the house stands a tree.
Before the house stand a tree and a bench（two things）．
In the house there is a cat，（there is）a dog，and（thereare）three birds．（后面的there is，there are多省略，在acat前用is是對(duì)的。）
To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family．
After Jan comes Nora．
Here's all the coins I have.（在口語(yǔ)中here's和there's和where's后可跟一復(fù)數(shù)名詞）
There's three friends waiting for me．
Where's the kids that stole the apples？
在下面這類句子中，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或分詞提前，主語(yǔ)在is，was，are，were之后：
Gone are all my happy days！
Waiting for the results are thousands of people．Gathered under the roof were all the big shots．
兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞由and連接可構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)：
John and Mary（=Two persons）are coming．
�。ǖ篔ohn is coming and Mary is coming，too.）
My money and my friend are both gone．
Good coffee and bad are different from each other．
兩個(gè)人稱代詞由and連接也構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)：
He and I （=We）are friends．
Both you and he（=Both of you）are ill．
由every，any等詞修飾的幾個(gè)主語(yǔ)，盡管由and連接，仍然保持是單數(shù)：
Every boy and every girl is playing．
Any relative，any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim．
Each grown－up and each child likes it．
No city，no village，no mountain，（and） no sea is a place ofsafety．
Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident．
兩個(gè)名詞前各加同一限定詞，表示是兩個(gè)人或兩樣?xùn)|西，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)：
A general and a statesman（two persons）were killed．
His home and his office are very far from my home．
A black and a white dog are playing in the yard．
一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，如有兩個(gè)形容詞修飾，而指兩樣?xùn)|西，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；否則用單數(shù)：
English and French grammar are different．
Sweet and sour pork is delicious．
如果主體詞重復(fù)，表示是兩樣?xùn)|西，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)：
The situation before the war and the situation after are differ－ent．
What he said and what he thought were the same．
如作主語(yǔ)的兩個(gè)名詞用同一限定詞，指的是一個(gè)人或一樣?xùn)|西，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)：
A general and statesman（one person）was killed．
His home and office（one place）is very far from my house.
A black and white dog（one dog） is playing．
What he said and thought was for others．
有時(shí)兩個(gè)名詞雖由and連接，但習(xí)慣上被看作是一樣?xùn)|西，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)：
Bread and butter is enough for me．
Whisky and soda is his favourite．
Duck and peas is delicious，but eggs and bacon is better．
That cup and saucer is broken．
The wheel and axle is out of repair．
A needle and thread is all my grandmother needs．
Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy．
兩個(gè)抽象名詞一起用時(shí)，有時(shí)代表兩個(gè)東西，有時(shí)代表一個(gè)東西，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定，有時(shí)兩者都可以（看我們?nèi)绾慰紤]）：
The use and object of this are（or is）simple．
The stitching and binding of books are（or is）a hard job．
His courage and endurance are（or is）Great．
Sym pathy and understanding are（or is）required．
Trial and error（通�？醋饕粋�(gè)概念）is the best way tolearn．
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy．
The ebb and flow of one's fortune is a matter of course．
有時(shí)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后跟一逗號(hào)，以及“and+名詞+副詞”，后面的動(dòng)詞就常和第一個(gè)名詞一致。“and+名詞+副詞”可以看作一個(gè)省略的分句：
Mary，and her parents too（or also，likewise，as well），isfond of John．（＝Mary is fond of John，and her parents arefond of John，too．）
Mary，and perhaps（or particularly，even，certainly）herparents，is fond of John．（and+副詞+名詞）
Mary，but not her parents，is fond of John．
Mary's parents，but not Mary herself，are fond of John．（在跟有not時(shí)，可以用but代替and。）
單純數(shù)詞一般看作單數(shù)，如果有兩個(gè)數(shù)詞由and或time或其它詞連接，動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式：
Thirteen is an unlucky number．
Two and two make（or makes）four．
Eight plus five equals thirteen．（書(shū)面體）
Three fives are（or is）fifteen．（口語(yǔ)體）
Three times five are（or is）fifteen．
What are（or is）twice seven？
40 multiplied by 58 equals 2320．（書(shū)面體）
Five from nine（or Nine take away five）is（or leaves）four．（口語(yǔ)體）
Six hundred and one minus forty equals five hundred and six－ty－one．（書(shū)面體）
Three into twelve goes four．（口語(yǔ)體）
Two hundred fifty divided by fifty equals five．（書(shū)面體）如果數(shù)詞表示復(fù)數(shù)的人或東西，動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
Five（=Five Persons）were killed．
One and a half…為復(fù)數(shù)，而half a…為單數(shù)：
One and a half dollars were spent on sugar，and half a dollarwas Spent on flour．
A fine and／or imprisonment is（or are）not enough．
如果兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由or或nor連接，動(dòng)詞與最靠近的主語(yǔ)一致：Either you or I am right．
Neither Alice nor her parents like Mike．
One or two words are enough．（但是A word or two is e－nough．）
There is one or two examples．
Wang or rather his brothers decide the matter．
但：Life or（=and）death are nothing to me.
Whether John or Mary are willing to help me is still a problem．
兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)若由not only…but also…連接起來(lái)，動(dòng)詞和最近的主語(yǔ)一致：
Not only my house，but many other houses have been white－washed．
�。ǖ詈谜f(shuō)：Not only my house has been whitewashed，butmany other houses，too．）
Not only Mary's parents，but also Mary herself likes Mike．
There is not only Mary，but also Mary's parents．
如果主語(yǔ)后跟有介詞短語(yǔ)、連詞短語(yǔ)或是分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞仍與主語(yǔ)一致，不受中間插入成分的影響（注意主語(yǔ)后及短語(yǔ)后的逗號(hào)）：
Two girls，besides（介詞）Mary，are studying Malay．
All my sisters，except Lilian，study flower－arranging．
The street，with so many people going up and down，is dirty．
Lee，together with（介詞短語(yǔ)）his three brothers，has cometo our party．
The horses，along with their owner，fall into the river．
This problem，in addition to the other two，make me sad．
You，as well as（連詞短語(yǔ)）he，are mistaken．
The students，much more than the teacher，wish for a holi－day．
The teacher，as much as the students，wishes for a holiday．
Wang's friends，no less than Wang himself，wish for his suc－cess．
One apple，divided（分詞短語(yǔ)）by six children，is a thingunpleasant．
The manager，accompanied by his assistants，has gone out．
My schoolmates，including John，are kind to me．
All the members，not excepting the chairman，are arrived．
上面那種插在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的成分，也可移到句首，意思是差不多的：
Besides Mary，three students are studying Malay．
In addition to the other two，this problem makes me sad．
No less than Wang himself，Wang's friends wish for his suc－cess．
Accompanied by his assistants，the manager has gone out．
主語(yǔ)后面有時(shí)跟有of或其他介詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞仍和主語(yǔ)一致：One of the boys is sick．
The meeting of so many strangers broadens his view．
A cleanup of such a government is absolutely necessary．
The loss of his parents was too much for him．
A truckload of oranges costs about a thousand dollars．
Two spoons of sugar are just enough．
Two bottles of whisky are nothing to him．
Only five bags of rice are in stock.
Six cases of cholera are reported．
Signs of revolt are increasing every day．
This kind（or sort，type，class，species，breed，variety）ofcat is rare．
These kinds（or sorts，…）of flowers are rare．（口語(yǔ)體）
Flowers of this kind（or sort，…） are rare．（書(shū)面體）
One of the students，who speaks lrish，is her son．
One of the students who speak lrish is her son．
More children than one are infected．
Nobody but five workers is promoted．
Such people as John are wonderful．
The number of banks in this city is about forty．（但：A num－ber of banks are closed down．動(dòng)詞和這類數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)后的名詞一致）
The average of absentees is four in each meeting．（但：Anaverage of four persons are absent in each meeting．）
The total of murders in this year is over two hundred．（但：A total of two hundred murders are committed this year．）
后面跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)有：a majority of people，a variety ofreasons，a rain of bullets，a storm of stones，a flood of re-sources，a sea of faces，a trickle of tourists，a mountain ofwatermelons等等。
系動(dòng)詞一般都和前面的主語(yǔ)一致，而不受后面補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的影響：My only pleasure is the movies.
The movies are my only pleasure．
Those stars are my only guide．
My only guide is those stars．
His food is fruit and milk．
Fruit and milk are his food．
Dogs are a pleasant trouble．
We are a football team．
主語(yǔ)后的同位語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)一樣都不影響動(dòng)詞的形式：
The movies，my only pleasure，are also my ruin．
Those stars，my only guide，are twinkling all the night．
His food，fruit and milk is delicious and nutritious．
They become master（or mistress）of the situation（or the Eng－lish language）．
Many fall victim．
They seem to be our enemy．
They are always the victor．
The world appears too many for me．
The nation is but individuals．
Who is knocking？It seems to be John and Mary．
She is all eyes（or all tears，all smiles）．
The room is all books and newspapers．
The street is all loiterers and beggars．
但：The following is my address（are their addresses）．
在某些習(xí)慣用法中補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞仍與主語(yǔ)一致：
He is（or becomes，makes）great friends with John．
He is pals（or shipmates，partners） with you．
He is enemies with everyone．
I am quits with him．
不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管里面有復(fù)數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式：
For them to tell lies is very easy．
For us businessmen to know many people is necessary．Telling lies does not pay．
Visiting all European countries is my ambition．
What we want is good roads．
That they like power and wealth is true．
“It pours cats and dogs”means it rains heavily．
“Many happy returns”is a form of greeting on someboby's birthday．
在it引起的強(qiáng)調(diào)某句子成分的句子中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)更好一些：
It is they who（代表it，而不代表 they）is（比 are好）wrong．
It is you that（代表 it，而不代表 you）often makes（比 make好） such mistakes．
但實(shí)際上用復(fù)數(shù)的人也不少。
2）第二大類：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？
數(shù)詞，不管是泛指還是特指，只要是指人或物，通常都跟有復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞：
Seven were killed．
Two are missing．
Few know it．
A few have been thrown away．
Several were wounded．
Hundreds have become homeless．
Both have come．
Thousands upon thousands were starved．
Some were killed，others were wounded．
A large variety of umbrellas are on sale．
A few are satisfied，but a great many are disappointed and very angry．
The majority（or generality）of human beings are selfish．
Fifty dozen of stockings have just arrived．
Ten pair（s）of gloves are on display．
Four yoke of oxen are coming．
Twenty head of cattle are grazing．
A number of articles are damaged．（但：The number of thir－teen is unlucky．）
One and a half（more than one） apples are entirely rotten．（但：One apple is rotten．）
No students are interested in this subject．（但：No student is interested in it．）
Many hours and days have been spent．（但：Many an hour and day has been wasted．）
More persons than one are suspected．（但：More than one per－son is suspected．
There is［or are］more than one person．）
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