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2018初中英語語法之定語從句用法詳解

來源:中考網(wǎng)整理 作者:中考網(wǎng)編輯 2017-09-09 14:28:29

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  新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開始,中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考學(xué)科的知識(shí)點(diǎn),主要是對(duì)初中三年各學(xué)科知識(shí)點(diǎn)的梳理和細(xì)化,幫助各位考生理清知識(shí)脈絡(luò),熟悉答題思路,希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)!下面是《2018初中英語語法之定語從句用法詳解》,僅供參考!

  在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。
 
  1.由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,who用作主語,如:This is the boy who often helps me.
 
  2.由whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,whom用作賓語,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
 
  3.由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,whose用作定語,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
 
  4.由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,which用作主語或謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語,如:
 
  The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
 
  The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
 
  This is the pen which you want.
 
  注意:
 
  (1)whom,which用作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞可放在whom、which之前,也可放在從句原來的位置上;但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在原來的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
 
  (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),必須用關(guān)系代詞which,不用that,如:I have lost
 
  my bag,which I like very much.
 
  (3)關(guān)系代詞在句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。
 
  5.由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,that可以指人或物,在從句中作主語或謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語,但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語,如:
 
  The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?
 
  注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。
 
  (1)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
 
  All that we have to do is to practise English.
 
  (2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,如
 
  The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
 
  (3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾,如
 
  I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
 
  (4)先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)如
 
  He is the only person that I want to talk with.
 
  (5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),如:
 
  They talked about persons and things that they met.
 
  (6)當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí),為避免重復(fù),如:Who is the man that is giving us the
 
  class?
 
  6.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句,如:
 
  I don't know the reason why he was late.
 
  This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
 
  I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
 
  注意:先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是及物的,就用that(which),如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物的,就用where引導(dǎo)。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
 
  7.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
 
  (1)限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)分開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,這些關(guān)系代詞都不能省略。
 
  (2)非限制性定語從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明,沒有這種從句,不影響主句意思的完整,一般用逗號(hào)把主句和從句分開,關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that;指人時(shí)可用who,如:I have two brothers,who are both students.
 
  8.如何簡(jiǎn)化定語從句
 
 。1).定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞或形容詞短語作后置定語。如:
 
  My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
 
  →My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠(yuǎn)的一個(gè)村子。
 
  This is a book that is worth reading.
 
  →This is a book worth reading.這是一本值得看的書。
 
 。2)定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語作前置或后置定語。
 
  The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
 
  →The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
 
  站在樹下面的那個(gè)人是我們的英語老師。
 
  I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
 
  當(dāng)時(shí)我看到那房子在燃燒。
 
 。3)定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
 
  I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜歡看張藝謀導(dǎo)演的電影。
 
  She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校會(huì)上受表彰的那個(gè)女孩。
 
 。4)定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式作后置定語。
 
  He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個(gè)到校。
 
  The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的報(bào)告對(duì)我們很重要。
 
 。5)定語從句簡(jiǎn)化為what從句。
 
  I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
 
  我記不得他說的話。

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