新一輪中考復(fù)習(xí)備考周期正式開始，中考網(wǎng)為各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考學(xué)科的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，主要是對(duì)初中三年各學(xué)科知識(shí)點(diǎn)的梳理和細(xì)化，幫助各位考生理清知識(shí)脈絡(luò)，熟悉答題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)！下面是《2018初中英語語法之定語從句用法及精練》，僅供參考！
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。（作主語）
注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/div>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
�。�2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
�。�3）that 作介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
�。�4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？
c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰？
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
�。�5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a.先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
�。�1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
�。�2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如：
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
自我測(cè)試 / Test Yourself
I.單項(xiàng)填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
參考答案：
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
�、�. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
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