議論文是作者對(duì)某個(gè)問題或某件事進(jìn)行分析、評(píng)論，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度、看法和主張的一種文體。議論文有三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)的基本要求是：觀點(diǎn)正確，認(rèn)真概括，有實(shí)際意義;論據(jù)的基本要求是：真實(shí)可靠，充分典型;論證的基本要求是：推理必須符合邏輯。

英語議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)一般較為固定，通常包括以下三部分：

1. 在導(dǎo)語部分提出需要議論的議題;

2. 在正文部分對(duì)所提出的問題進(jìn)行議論;

3. 在結(jié)論部分對(duì)以上的討論進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。

寫議論文要考慮論點(diǎn)，考慮用什么作論據(jù)來證明，怎樣來論證，然后得出結(jié)論。它可以是先提出一個(gè)總論點(diǎn)，然后分別進(jìn)行論述，分析各個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論;或者先引述一個(gè)故事，一段對(duì)話，或描寫一個(gè)場(chǎng)面，再一層一層地從事實(shí)中分析出道理，歸納引申出一個(gè)新的結(jié)論;也可以在文章開頭先提出一個(gè)人們關(guān)心的問題，然后一一作答，逐層深入;還可以把兩個(gè)不同事物以對(duì)立的方式提出來加以比較、對(duì)照，然后得出結(jié)論。

在具體寫作中要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1. 議題的提出要開門見山，不要拖泥帶水。

2. 議論時(shí)可以采用不同的方法。如：可以擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比;也可引經(jīng)據(jù)典論證作者自己觀點(diǎn)的正確性，從而使讀者接受自己的觀點(diǎn);亦可提出一種錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)然后論證其錯(cuò)誤，最終提出正確的觀點(diǎn)。正文部分是寫作的重點(diǎn)，論證方法可用歸納法、推理法、比較法等。

3. 在結(jié)論部分必須表明作者的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)討論的問題做出總結(jié)。

4. 注意連接詞和過渡詞等詞語的使用，以增強(qiáng)文章的條理性和邏輯性。常用的過渡詞和連接詞包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides, what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that, therefore，consequently，in that case, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等。

請(qǐng)看下面的范文：

Shall we send children to study abroad?

With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young to look after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Many children are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As a result, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers are talking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land. Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which might cause a heavy burden to the family. #p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad. So, we’d better not do it.

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