來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 作者:中考網(wǎng)整理 2019-05-12 16:36:09
英語(yǔ)句子是由主語(yǔ)(subject), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(verb),賓語(yǔ)(object), 表語(yǔ)(predicative),狀語(yǔ)(adverbial),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語(yǔ)句子可分為五種基本句型。
句型一:主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞
不及物動(dòng)詞本身就可以表達(dá)完整的意念, 不需要賓語(yǔ)及補(bǔ)語(yǔ), 但有時(shí)可有副詞, 介詞短語(yǔ)等狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)。
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的擴(kuò)展:1.主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 狀語(yǔ)
e.g. The machine works smoothly. (機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。)
2.There 不及物動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ)
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他們停下來(lái)稍作休息)
特別提醒
動(dòng)詞stop 可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 通常后接動(dòng)詞不定式,表示停下來(lái)的目的是做另一件事。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常后接動(dòng)名詞,表示停止做這件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .
句型二 :主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)
系動(dòng)詞本身不能表達(dá)完整的意念沒(méi),需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ),也叫主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
I feel quite hungry .
The ball is under the desk .
句型三:主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)
及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)動(dòng)作的接受者(賓語(yǔ)),才可以表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She hopes to see her uncle.
句型四:主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
有些及物動(dòng)詞需要兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
Give me the book, please.
特別提醒
A. 在此句型中, 通常是間接賓語(yǔ)(人)在前,直接賓語(yǔ)(物)在后,有時(shí)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)可以對(duì)調(diào),這時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
Give the book to me , please .
直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)對(duì)調(diào)時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有:
give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)
間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有:
buy(買), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購(gòu)), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏) #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
B. 如果直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞那么必須把直接賓放在間接賓語(yǔ)前,且間接賓語(yǔ)前要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
e.g. I handed it to our teacher .
不能說(shuō):I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可分為兩種情況。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五:主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
及物動(dòng)詞本身需要一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外, 還需要一個(gè)名詞,形容詞,副詞, 動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ),才能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
The news made us sad.
She saw the thief steal into the shop .
The teacher asked me to answer the question .
I found the man stealing the money .
I found my money stolen .
特別提醒
A. 現(xiàn)在分詞為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過(guò)去分詞為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
B. 在let(讓),make(使得),have(請(qǐng),讓,使得),see(看),hear(聽(tīng)到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺(jué)到),listen to (傾聽(tīng)),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如果為不定式, 則省掉"to",但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 則要帶"to".
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只有一種情況。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.
He was seen to steal the old man's money
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