狀語從句的定義 用來修飾動(dòng)詞和形容詞，以表明動(dòng)作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)存在的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因等等的句子叫做狀語從句。
時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)詞有：when, while, as, till, until before, after, since等。
時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不盡相同，要注意把握不同引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時(shí)間關(guān)系，以及它在具體句子中對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等問題。
注意：as(在……時(shí)候，因?yàn)?，since(自從，因?yàn)?，它們可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如：
(1)While my mother was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(read是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，read和watch同事發(fā)生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。(對(duì)比)
(2)when(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)，引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。從句動(dòng)作可與主語動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生，也可在其后發(fā)生。
I was reading a book when she came into my room.(come是瞬間動(dòng)詞，只能用when引導(dǎo)，不能用while)
I often missed my home when(while) I lived in NewYork.(live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，when可用while代替)
(3)when和while的區(qū)別還在于：while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句多用于一般時(shí)態(tài)。
(4)as譯作 “一邊……一邊”、“隨著……”，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)可與when，while通用。
till，until(直到……才)：一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。till不可以在句首，而until可以放在句首。
注意：如果主句中的的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：
I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。(go to bed 是瞬間動(dòng)詞，主句用否定形式)
Since(自從)：引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，而主句的謂語動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我們老板離開北京有五個(gè)月了。
(2)當(dāng)主句用將來時(shí)，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí);如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時(shí)。則主句動(dòng)詞多用過去完成時(shí)，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。
(3)after(在……之后)：表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。如果主句用的是過去時(shí)，則從句多用過去完成時(shí)。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我們回家了(從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí))
5.由as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句：這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：
The moment I heard the news, I went to the school. 我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了學(xué)校。
注意 hardly(scarcely，rarely)……when,before，no sooner …than相當(dāng)于 as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely, rarely和 no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：
1.becausey引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問句必須使用because。
I do it because I like it..
——Because he had something important to do.
注意 “not……because” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句，例如：The country is not strong because it is large.國強(qiáng)不在大.
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics,既然今天你休息，你最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。
4. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說明，for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能見過我，因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?/div>
三、條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件句常用的連詞有if(如果)，unless(如果不，除非)等，條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句一樣，表示將來要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
We won’t let you in unless you show your pass.
If you fail again this time,what will you do?
(1)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示將來時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替，主句仍使用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)將if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和狀語從句進(jìn)行混淆考查，賓語從句中的if表示“是否”，可以使用一般將來時(shí)。
四、讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示“雖然，即使，盡管”。引導(dǎo)詞有although，though，even though, even if都表示“雖然，即使，盡管”之意。主句中不能用but，但可用yet、
Though和although語氣較弱(其中的though比although通俗，不如although正式)，even if和even though帶有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味而顯得語氣更強(qiáng)。例如：
Although they are poor ,they are happy yet.雖然他們很窮，但很快樂
The article is very important though it is short.那篇文章雖然很短，但很重要。
Even though it was raining, she walked to work.即使下雨，她也是走著去工作的。
I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我將去拜訪他，即使我只能停留一小會(huì)兒。
注意though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的用法比較特殊，它可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝。
五、地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句常由where和wherever引導(dǎo)，通常可置于主句之前或之后。
如：We should go where(ver) we are most needed,我們要去最需要我們的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
六、目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句通常由so that, in order that 引導(dǎo)，所引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在主句后面。目的狀語從句中的謂語常含有may (might),can (could),shall ,will 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
如：He always takes a seat in the first row so that/in order that he can hear better.
= In order that he can hear better, he always takes a seat in the first row.為了聽得更清楚，他總是坐前排的座位。
七、結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句常由so that, so…that, such…that等引導(dǎo)，放在主句之后，so…that與such…that句型在一定條件下可轉(zhuǎn)換。
如：He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.
= He made so excellent a speech that everyone admired him.
他的演講如此精彩以至于每個(gè)人都很欽佩他。
注意 so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句和目的狀語從句的辨別
so that從句之前有個(gè)逗號(hào)的常為結(jié)果狀語從句，因表示某一行為帶來的結(jié)果，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)常為過去式;
so that從句中有may(might)，can(could)，should, will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的通常是目的狀語從句。
如：I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks.(目的)我盡可能地寫清楚些，這樣可以得高分。
He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat.(目的)他很早就去聽報(bào)告了，以便可以找到一個(gè)好座位。
He went to the lecture early, so that he got a good seat.(結(jié)果)他很早就去聽報(bào)告了，這樣他就找到一個(gè)好座位。
八、比較狀語從句
1.比較狀語從句常由as…as，not so(as)，than引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常為省略句。
如：His brother is as handsome as he (is)/him.(非正式英語中可用賓格him)他弟弟和他一樣英俊。
He swims faster than any other student in his class(does).他比班上其他任何人都游得快。
2.通常把the more…the more…結(jié)構(gòu)也歸為比較從句，意為：“越…越”。
如：The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.你越努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)取得越大的進(jìn)步。
The less she worried, the better she worked.她擔(dān)心得越少，就工作得越好。
九、方式狀語從句
1.方式狀語從句常由(just)as(像…)，as if/though(好像)引導(dǎo)，表示動(dòng)作的方式。
如：Do exactly as the doctor says.一定要按照大夫的話去做。
He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg.他慢慢地走著，仿佛是腿受了傷。
注：在非正式問題中有時(shí)會(huì)用like代替as引導(dǎo)方式從句。
2.as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若描述非事實(shí)情況，常用虛擬語氣，若描述的是實(shí)際情況，用陳述語氣。
如：She treats the orphan as if/though he was her own child.她對(duì)待孤兒就像是她自己的孩子一樣。(他是孤兒，當(dāng)然就不是她親生孩子，故用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.看起來天像是要下雨了。(本句用的是陳述語氣，說明天真象是要下雨了。)
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50) 計(jì)分:
1. I don’t know if it tomorrow ,if it , we won’t go on a picnic.
A. rains; rains
B. will rain; rains
C. will rain; will rain
2. We can’t go to the zoo ___ the weather is fine tomorrow.
A. unless B. if C. because
3. Just work hard, ____ your dream will come true.
A. but B. and C. or
4. Don’t cross the street ____ the traffic lights are green.
A. after B. until C. when
5. ____ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. Because C. Unless
6. We will have no water to dink we don’t protect the earth..
A. until B. before C. if
7. Luckily, all the students got out of the teaching building if fell down.
A. until B. before C. after
8. My grandma didn’t go sleep I got back home.
A. where B. until C. as soon as
9. Uncle Wang gave all his savings to the Hope School ______he himself was not rich.
A. because B. as if C. though
10.You’ll do better you are more careful with your spelling.
A .if B. before C. although
11.The sports meeting will continue it rains this afternoon.
A. if B. since C. unless
12.I’ll give her the message she comes back.
A. till B. before C. as soon as
13.Jim is going to be a doctor when he _______ .
A. will grow up B. grows up C. grow up
14.—Did you catch what the teacher said?
—No. She spoke so fast I couldn’t hear her very clearly.
A .which B. that C. when
15.The teacher speaks very loudly all the students can hear her.
A. so that B. because C. since
16. Study hard, _______ you will catch up with your classmates.
A. and B. or C. but
17. Several days has passed _________ the terrible earthquake happened in Japan.
A. after B. since C. as
18. It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _______ it stops.
A. When B. since C. until
19. _________ it’s difficult to make her dream come true, but she never gives up.
A. Though B. / C. Because
20. ____ you go to the party, you will have a good time.
A. If B. Though C. Because
21.--- Is WuDong at school today ?
---- No, he is at home____ he has a bad cold.
A. When B. Though C. Because
22.There are many books on math in the bookshop that he can’t decide which to choose.
A. so B. too C. such
23.He got up early he could get to school on time
A. even though B. as if C. so that
24.She is short she can’t reach the buttons of the lift
A .so, that B. such, that C. too, to
25.---Mum, what did the doctor say ?
--- He asked me to live ____ the air is fresher.
A. where B. when C. because
26.The piano in the other shop will be ____ ,but____.
A. cheaper ; not as better B. more cheap; not asbetter
C. cheaper ; not as good
27.All of us haven’t seen Mike he left our city.
A. when B. until C. since
28. they are poor, yet they are very honest.
A. Because B. Although C. When
29. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years __________I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. since
30. Why do you want a new job __________you got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. when
31. You will be late ______________you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if
32. We won’t give up ______________we may fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether
33. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _________.
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is arriving
34. The volleyball match will be put off if it _______________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained
35. It rained___ heavily that they didn’t come.
A. as B. too C. so
36. I often visited Tian’an Men Square ____________I was staying in Beijing.
A. until B. during C. while
37. He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.
A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what
38. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.
A. Because B. If C. That
39. They waited __________it was dark
A. until B for C. because
40. You will catch a cold _____________put on more clothes.
A. if you don’t B. if you will not C. until you
41. We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.
A. until B. since C when
42. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __they themselves
couldn’t.
A. once B. then C. while
43. My name is Robert, ___________most of my friends call me Bob for short.
A. then B. instead C. however
44. Hurry up, _______ you will be late.
A. and B. or C. but
45. Several days has passed _________ the terrible earthquake happened in Japan.
A .after B. since C. as
46. _________ he is young, he knows a lot.
A. Though B. / C. Because
47. My friends always go shopping when _____.
A. it is sunny B. it will be sunny C. it is raining
48. We are not sure if the bus _____ on time. If it _____ on time , we will take a taxi.
A. comes; doesn’t come B. will come; won’t come
C. will come; doesn’t come
49. Lucy came to the library early _____ she borrowed her favorite book.
A. since B. for C. so that
50. We couldn’t get to school on time ____ it was raining heavily.
A. because of B. because C. though
參考答案1—5BABBA 6—10CBBCA 11—15CCBBA 16—20ABCBA 21-25CACAA 26—30CCBCC 31—35AABBC 36—40CBAAA 41—45CCCBC
46—50AACCB
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