第2講：代詞

 

　　我們剛剛講完了名詞，現(xiàn)在再來看看名詞的brother-代詞。它與名詞的作用其實(shí)很相似，所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渲谐煞忠蚕嗖畈欢唷?但也別小看代詞呀！它還有很多的"小個(gè)性"呢！只要抓住它的幾個(gè)"小脾氣"，那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。

 

　　代詞中第一個(gè)"小個(gè)性"就是物主代詞。像my和mine這兩個(gè)小冤家總是讓人分不清誰是誰。但你只要記住它們最重要的區(qū)別-my的后面一定要接名詞，不可以單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，只能做定語，如：my father；而 mine則是名詞性，只能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，在句中做主語和表語。如：Mine is green. It's mine. 記住這兩個(gè)句子，凡是名詞性物主代詞（yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs）就都可以放在mine的位置上了。這樣，通過它們出現(xiàn)的位置不同，我們就可以把它們區(qū)別開了。

 

　　代詞的第二個(gè)"羅嗦"就是它有一個(gè)小跟班－self(selves)-反身代詞，也就是表示"自己、親自"的意思。關(guān)于反身代詞，需要注意的是她不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以放在人稱代詞后面，做同位語�！　　　∪纾篗arry herself said so. 瑪麗她自己這么說的。（不能說Herself said so.）下面我給你開點(diǎn)小灶，單獨(dú)講一講須"特特"注意的地方。

 

　　Of+名詞性物主代詞：of +物主代詞構(gòu)成雙重所有格。公式為：a（an, this, that ）+名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。牢記公式，舉一反三。因?yàn)槲镏鞔�詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, no, each,every, such, another等詞一起前置，修飾一個(gè)名詞，而必須用雙重所有格。如： a friend of mine（我的一個(gè)朋友），each brother of his（他的每一個(gè)兄弟）.

 

　　some, any的用法：我們都知道some用于肯定句中，而any則用于否定句和疑問句中。 所以somebody，someone也用于肯定句中，而anybody、anyone則用于否定和疑問句中。

 

　　注意：在Would youlike some coffee?（要來點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？）這樣的肯定疑問句中，說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)，用some而不用any。

 

　　every 和each的用法：every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念，指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè))，不可單獨(dú)使用；each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè))，可單獨(dú)使用.。Every student in our school works hard.（我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。） Each student may have one book.. （每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。）

 

　　both, either, neither的用法：

 

　　both意為"兩者全都"，與復(fù)數(shù)連用。either意為"兩者中間的任何一個(gè)"，neither 表示"兩者之間一個(gè)也不是"，與單數(shù)連用。如：Both of the them come from London。他們兩人都是倫敦人。 You may take either with you。 兩個(gè)中間你隨便帶哪個(gè)都行。 Neither is correct。 兩個(gè)都不對(duì)。

 

　　Few，a few和little，a little的用法：

 

　　Few，a few用來代替和修飾可數(shù)名詞，little，a little用來代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞;a few和a little 著重肯定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語"有幾個(gè)"，"有一點(diǎn)兒"；few和little 著重否定意思，相當(dāng)于漢語 "沒有幾個(gè)"，"沒有多少"

 

　　OK，代詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完，It's a piece of cake? 接下來到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了，

 

　　Are you ready?

 

　　練習(xí)：

 

　　1. We had plenty of paper but______ink.

 

　　A. a few

 

　　B. few

 

　　C. not many

 

　　D. not much

 

　　2. Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned ______before.

 

　　A. one

 

　　B. it

 

　　C. them

 

　　D. that

 

　　3. We're very busy because we've so ______books to read and so _______homework to do every day.

 

　　A. much ... many

 

　　B. many ... much

 

　　C. many ... a lot

 

　　D. a lot ... much

 

　　4. I thought ______of the matter but still couldn't find out the reason.

 

　　A. every

 

　　B. both

 

　　C. nothing

 

　　D. everything

 

　　5. My car is not so expensive as ________.

 

　　A. him

 

　　B. he's

 

　　C. he

 

　　D. his

 

　　6. Lily and Lucy have arrived，but _______students aren't here yet.

 

　　A. other

 

　　B. others

 

　　C. the other

 

　　D. the others

 

　　7. There are high buildings on ______side of the street.

 

　　A. both

 

　　B. every

 

　　C. any

 

　　D.either

 

　　8. －What do you usually have for breakfast?

 

　�。璤_____eggs and ______milk.

 

　　A Little ... a few

 

　　B. A little ... a little

 

　　C. A few ... a little

 

　　D. A few ... a few

 

　　9. ______ is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.

 

　　A. Something

 

　　B. Anything

 

　　C. Nothing

 

　　D. Everything

 

　　10. Is this story the same as ______in that book?

 

　　A. the one

 

　　B. what

 

　　C. that

 

　　D. it

 

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)：

 

　　1. There is _________old woman in the car.

 

　　A. 不填

 

　　B. the

 

　　C. a

 

　　D. an

 

　　2. We often go to the park _______Sundays.

 

　　A. on

 

　　B. in

 

　　C. at

 

　　D. from

 

　　3. My book ________on the desk.

 

　　A. is

 

　　B. am

 

　　C. are

 

　　D. be

 

　　4. Which language is ________, English, French or Chinese?

 

　　A. difficult

 

　　B. the difficult

 

　　C. more difficult

 

　　D. the most difficult

 

　　5. －________book is this?

 

　　－It's Kate's.

 

　　A. when

 

　　B. Why

 

　　C. Where

 

　　D. whose

 

　　6.－Can you write a letter in English?

 

　�。璑o, I _____.

 

　　A. may not

 

　　B. mustn't

 

　　C. can't

 

　　D. needn't

 

　　7. I ________my homework when Mike came last night.

 

　　A. do

 

　　B. was doing

 

　　C. am doing

 

　　D. have done

 

　　8. He began to ________English three years ago.

 

　　A. learn

 

　　B. learns

 

　　C. learned

 

　　D. learning

 

　　9. Jim is a driver, _______he?

 

　　A. does

 

　　B. doesn't

 

　　C. is

 

　　D. isn't

 

　　10. "What's wrong _________you?" the doctor asked.

 

　　A. from

 

　　B. with

 

　　C. for

 

　　D. at

 

　　11. He is rich, ________he isn't happy.

 

　　A. or

 

　　B. so

 

　　C. and

 

　　D. but

 

　　12.－Where is Alice?

 

　　－She __________to the library.

 

　　A. goes

 

　　B. will go

 

　　C. has gone

 

　　D. had gone

 

　　13. "Help _________to some fish, Mary." My aunt said to me.

 

　　A. themselves

 

　　B. ourselves

 

　　C. yourself

 

　　D. himself

 

　　14. We'll stay at home if it ________tomorrow.

 

　　A. rain

 

　　B. rains

 

　　C. is raining

 

　　D. will rain

 

　　15. The students _________on a farm for ten days. Then they_________to a factory.

 

　　Though they_______back school, they still remember those farmers and workers.

 

　　A. have stayed, went , was

 

　　B. had stayed, go , are

 

　　C. have stayed, go, have been

 

　　D. have stayed, went, were