第6講：不定式
不定式和動(dòng)詞象一對(duì)姐妹一樣親密，本不該拆開來講，可是篇幅有限，只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡(jiǎn)單，告訴我是什么？對(duì)！是to+動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)然啦，to有時(shí)也可以不帶。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語外的任何句子成分。那什么時(shí)候可以不帶to呢? Listen to me carefully.
不定式省to有四種情況：
使役動(dòng)詞 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 讓他走!
would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
Why... / why not...后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。
注意：這些情況在被動(dòng)句中可千萬不可省to 喲！ 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 變成被動(dòng)句：They were made to work the whole night.
不定式的特殊用法：
It與不定式：動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語，但如果動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕的，那么我們就可用形式主語it代替，而把真正主語(即不定式)放于句尾。
如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(對(duì)我來說學(xué)好英語是可能的。)
不定式還可以充當(dāng)句子的賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞，如find，think，believe 等，在語法上不能接受不定式作賓語，只有用it作形式賓語，從而把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當(dāng)其賓語的作用。
如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
還有一點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式，還可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑問代詞或副詞之后，與其共同作賓語。如：I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to：too...to表達(dá)"太 ... 一致于不能..."。
enough ... to 表達(dá) "足以..."。這兩個(gè)詞組的用法用兩個(gè)例子就可以說清楚了。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.這個(gè)箱子太沉了，我提不動(dòng)。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。也就是說，他的年齡足夠上學(xué)了。記住這兩個(gè)句子就可以舉一反三，應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎？
好吧，再試一把趁熱打鐵！
練習(xí)：
1. Tell him ___ the window.
A. to close not
B. not to close
C. to not close
D. not close
2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.
A. say
B. speak
C. tell
D. talk
4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
5. ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________?
A. to pick them up
B. to pick up them
C. pick it up
D. pick up it
7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.
A. to wake up
B. send for
C. to pay for
D. pay for
8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.
A. to be
B. to
C. be
D. being
9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.
A. not take out
B. not to take down
C. not take off
D. not to take away
10. My mother told me ________more water.
A. drinking
B. drank
C. to drink
D. drink
實(shí)戰(zhàn)：
1. You'd better _______read in the sun.
A. not to
B. not
C. don't
D. to
2. You aren't a new driver, are you? _______.
A. No, I am
B. Yes, I'm not
C. No, you are
D. Yes, I am
3. Must I stay here now?_________.
A. No, you mustn't
B. No, you needn't
C. Yes, you can
D. Yes, you may
4. There is _______ "s" in the word "bus".
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
5. Neithere of us ______a doctor.
A. is
B. isn't
C. are
D. aren't
6. Who was the first in the girls'_________race?
A. 400 metre
B. 400-metre
C. 400 metres
D. 400-metres
7. It's too noisy here, I can't _______.
A. go to sleep
B. fall to sleep
C. sleeping
D. get to sleep
8. The story happened ________ the evening of October 20, 1995.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. to
9. Could I speak to Mr Gao, please? ________. He has gone to the hospital.
A. I think so
B. Certainly, you can
C. I'm afraid not
D. I'm not sure
10. I'm sorry to trouble you, Miss Hu. ________.
A. Fine, thank you.
B. All right.
C. It's very kind of you .
D. It doesn't matter.
11. Can you tell me where________?
A. is the post office
B. the post office is
C. does the post office
D. the post office does
12. In England, the first name is _______name, but in China, the first name is ______ name.
A. family, given
B. given, family
C. family, family
D. given, given
13. Li Ping met an old friend of _______ on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
14. Kate is ________ girl.
A. a eighteen-year-old
B. a eighteen-years-old
C. an eighteen -years-old
D. an eighteen-year-old
15. Our city is getting ________.
A. beautiful and beautiful
B. beautifuler and beautifuler
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautifler and more beautifuler
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