第9講：時(shí)態(tài)一

 

　　提起時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)然是指動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)啦。過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)等不同時(shí)間段發(fā)生的事情要用不同的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示。時(shí)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和方式。閉上眼睛想一想，初中我們學(xué)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)有幾個(gè)? 初中我們共學(xué)過(guò)八種時(shí)態(tài)。本講將這幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)總體介紹一下:

 

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：常與always,often,sometimes, every day連用，表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當(dāng)?shù)谌�人稱單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，別忘了動(dòng)詞的變化。注意：象"地球大，月亮小"等客觀真理、事實(shí)一定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

 

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：要注意其構(gòu)成：由be+動(dòng)詞+ing,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：We're studying now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)習(xí)。

 

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。注意：We often went to dance last summer.有的同學(xué)一見(jiàn)到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其實(shí)因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^(guò)去時(shí)間的 last summer,所以要用過(guò)去式，千萬(wàn)別誤用了，切記，切記。

 

　　過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：顯然過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在做什么，常和特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment，when he came in等連用。如： When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.

 

　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如 next year,tomorrow等連用。注意：在Will you ....?問(wèn)句中，回答必須是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.來(lái)回答過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不可以單獨(dú)使用，它一般在賓語(yǔ)從句中作間接引語(yǔ)，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.

 

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：顧名思義，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，但動(dòng)作造成的影響還在，常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。如：He has already gone to Tianjin. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了�，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常帶有for或since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，我們常用"過(guò)"來(lái)表示，常帶有twice, once, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：I've never seen that film.

 

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)：我們可以用"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"來(lái)概括過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，通常與by,before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或when, before,  after引導(dǎo)的從句連用。也可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常和for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)大致相同，只不過(guò)又向前推了一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。

 

　　八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)可能得讓你好好對(duì)付一陣子，但細(xì)細(xì)學(xué)來(lái)，也并不困難。不信嗎? 試試趁熱打鐵你就知道了。

 

　　練習(xí)：

 

　　1. The zoo _______ in the north of the city.

 

　　A. lies

 

　　B. builds

 

　　C. seems

 

　　D. lying

 

　　2. --Tom ______out.

 

　　--Oh, is he? What time _______ he ______ out?

 

　　A. is, did, go

 

　　B. went, is, going

 

　　C. has gone, did, go

 

　　D. is going, does, go

 

　　3. --It must be on channel 2. Try that.

 

　　--I ______ that. But I still can't get anything.

 

　　A. have tried

 

　　B. tried

 

　　C. try

 

　　D. will do

 

　　4. They usually ________ TV in the evening.

 

　　A. watch

 

　　B. will watch

 

　　C. are watching

 

　　D. watches

 

　　5. He has _______ for about twelve years.

 

　　A. bought the house

 

　　B. left here

 

　　C. lived here

 

　　D. gone here

 

　　6. The two old man ________ each other since 1970.

 

　　A. didn't seen

 

　　B. don't see

 

　　C. haven't see

 

　　D. won't see

 

　　7. Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they ______ China for six years.

 

　　A. have been in

 

　　B. have been to

 

　　C. have come to

 

　　D. have gone to

 

　　8. --Our country ______ a lot so far.

 

　　--Yes, I hope it will be even ________.

 

　　A. has changed , well

 

　　B. changed, good

 

　　C. has changed , better

 

　　D. changed, better

 

　　9. --I saw Ann _______ a green dress at the meeting.

 

　　--I think she looks better _______ red.

 

　　A. dressed , in

 

　　B. put on, wear

 

　　C. wearing, in

 

　　D. wear, put on

 

　　10. --I didn't come to school because my mother was ill yesterday.

 

　　--I am sorry ______ that.

 

　　A. hearing

 

　　B. hear

 

　　C. hears

 

　　D. to hear

 

　　實(shí)踐：

 

　　1. There will be ______ interesting film tomorrow evening.

 

　　A. a

 

　　B. an

 

　　C. the

 

　　D. some

 

　　2. --What's that over there ?

 

　　-- It's ______ bag.

 

　　A. I

 

　　B. me

 

　　C. my

 

　　D. mine

 

　　3. The students of Class One ______ on the playground.

 

　　A. am playing

 

　　B. is playing

 

　　C. are playing

 

　　D. was playing

 

　　4. You'd better _______ late next time!

 

　　A. not be

 

　　B. not to be

 

　　C. won't be

 

　　D. don' t be

 

　　5. He always gets up early, _______ he?

 

　　A. is

 

　　B. isn't he

 

　　C. does

 

　　D. doesn't

 

　　6. ______ tall the building is!

 

　　A. How a

 

　　B. How

 

　　C. What

 

　　D. What a

 

　　7. Lesson Seven is ________ one in this book.

 

　　A. important

 

　　B. more important

 

　　C. most important

 

　　D. the most important

 

　　8. I will call you as soon as she ________ back.

 

　　A. comes

 

　　B. come

 

　　C. came

 

　　D. will come

 

　　9. He put on his coat ______ went out.

 

　　A. and

 

　　B. but

 

　　C. or

 

　　D. so

 

　　10. --______ I get there before six o'clock?

 

　　-- No, you needn't.

 

　　A. Can

 

　　B. May

 

　　C. Must

 

　　D. Shall

 

　　11. Their baby was born ______ April 2, 1997.

 

　　A. in

 

　　B. on

 

　　C. at

 

　　D. by

 

　　12. Her father is busy _______ the truck.

 

　　A. mend

 

　　B. mends

 

　　C. mended

 

　　D. mending

 

　　13. We ________ the floor when she left.

 

　　A.sweep

 

　　B. swept

 

　　C. were sweeping

 

　　D. are sweeping

 

　　14. He wants ________ some apples and oranges.

 

　　A. to buy

 

　　B. buys

 

　　C. bought

 

　　D. buy

 

　　15. Do you understand ______?

 

　　A. what did he say

 

　　B. he said what

 

　　C. what does he say

 

　　D. what he said