extended metaphor 摘自英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程》一書(shū)

　　這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun

　　shines.

　　表層含義：趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草

　　真正意味：趁熱打鐵

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into

　　sword.

　　表層含義：是時(shí)候把犁變成劍

　　11.Irony 反語(yǔ)

　　反語(yǔ)指用相反意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過(guò)失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過(guò)失的說(shuō)法,而在表?yè)P(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說(shuō)法.

　　例如:

　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not

　　knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　早上沒(méi)有時(shí)間觀(guān)念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀(guān)念)

　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes,

　　no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　12.Pun 雙關(guān)

　　雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).

　　例如:

　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too

　　brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies

　　abroad for the good of his country.

　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall

　　hang separately.

　　13.Parody 仿擬

　　這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.

　　例如:

　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a

　　year.

　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be

　　avoided.

　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she

　　will make address of it.

　　14.Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(wèn)(反問(wèn))

　　它與疑問(wèn)句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問(wèn)為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

　　例如:

　　1>.How was it possible target=_blank

　　class=infotextkey>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see

　　nothing worth of note?

　　2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go

　　unanswered?

　　15.Antithesis 對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶

　　這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法.

　　例如:

　　1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I

　　loved Romemore.

　　2>.You are staying; I am going.

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