1. habit

n.習慣;習性

關聯(lián)詞組：good/bad habit好/壞習慣;form the habit of養(yǎng)成……的習慣;living habit生活習慣;eating habit飲食習慣;out of habit出于習慣;break the habit改掉習慣

詞性轉換：habitual adj.習慣的，習以為常的;habitually adv.慣常，習慣地

5.My brother has a healthy living habit. He stays up late, and he is an early bird.

A. usually B. hardly C. often D. always

2. hang

v.懸掛;垂落;吊著;把……吊起

詞形變化：過去式hung，過去分詞hung

關聯(lián)詞組：hang on堅持下去;握住不放;不掛斷;hang out閑逛;hang up (the phone)掛斷電話;hang onto依附;緊緊抓住

用法：hang可作及物動詞，接名詞或代詞作賓語;也可作不及物動詞，其主動形式含有被動意義。例如：

You may hang your coat on the hook.你可以把外套掛在鉤子上。

All the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.所有的襯衫都掛在同一個衣櫥里。

44. We ____________ (很少地〕hang out at weekends recently.

3. happen

v.(偶然)發(fā)生;碰巧

表示“某地(某時)發(fā)生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地點/時間”句型，此時主語為事情。例如：

The story happened in 1998.這個故事發(fā)生在1998年。

表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，常用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”這一結構來表達。例如：

A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。

What happened to you?=what’s wrong with you?你怎么啦?

表示“某人碰巧做某事”，常用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”來表達。例如：

I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個朋友。

表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時，還可用“It happens/happened that...”這一結構來表達。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.

碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。

注：that從句中的主語是人時，該結構可與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結構互換。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.

詞性轉換：happening n.發(fā)生的事(常用復數(shù))：

There have been strange happenings here lately.這兒最近發(fā)生了一些怪事。

How did this happen? I ___17___ we were friends.

17. A. found B. admitted C. realized D. thought

4. hard

adj.硬的;困難的;努力的;adv.努力地;艱難地;猛烈地

形容詞詞組：hard disk硬盤;hard drive硬盤驅動器;have a hard time過得艱難;hard copy硬拷貝;復印件

副詞詞組：work hard努力工作(學習);try hard努力

hard和hardly區(qū)別：

hard既是形容詞，又是自己的副詞，表示“努力的(地)”、“猛烈的(地)”;

hardly只作副詞，其詞義與hard相去甚遠，指“幾乎不”，表示否定概念。試比較：

He works hard.他努力工作。

He hardly works.他幾乎不工作。

詞性轉換：hardness n.硬度;harden v.硬化;變硬;hardship n.困苦，艱難險阻;

同義詞：difficult adj.困難的

反義詞：soft adj.軟的;溫柔的;easy adj.容易的，簡單的

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.

5. health

n.健康，衛(wèi)生

關聯(lián)詞組：health care衛(wèi)生保健;physical health身體健康;mental health心理健康;World Health Organization世界衛(wèi)生組織

詞性轉換：healthy adj.健康的，健全的;healthily adv.健康地;healthiness n.健康，健全

同義詞：fitness n.健康;適當

21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health, too.

A. ours B. us C. we

6. hear

v.聽到;聽說

詞形變化：過去式heard，過去分詞heard

關聯(lián)詞組：hear from sb.收到某人的信;hear about聽說，得知;hear of聽說過

hear與listen的區(qū)別：hear強調“聽見”，即聽的結果;listen強調聽的動作;

hear sb. do sth.表示聽到某人做某事的全過程;hear sb. doing sth.強調聽到某人正在做某事。試比較：

I heard him sing a song yesterday.昨天我聽見他唱了一支歌。

I could hear people singing happily next door.我可以聽見隔壁有人在歡快地唱歌。

9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?

A. quickly B. happily C. slowly D. clearly

7. heat

n.熱，高溫;v.加熱;使激動

詞組：heat wave熱浪;heat stroke中暑;heat up加熱

詞性轉換：heated adj.熱的;激動地，激烈的：heated discussion激烈的討論;heater n.加熱器

The accident also caused heated discussions on the Internet.

8. heavy

adj.(沉)重的;大量的，嚴重的

用法：除了可指重量之外，heavy常用來表示數(shù)量、程度或嚴重性之大，常見搭配有：

heavy traffic擁擠的交通;heavy rain/snow大雨/雪;heavy drinking/smoking大量飲酒/吸煙

詞性轉換：heavily adv.沉重地;猛烈地;heaviness n.沉重;沉悶

反義詞：light adj.輕的

26. What does the table above show?

A. How heavy an egg can be. B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.

C. How to make an egg sink. D. How to check the age of an egg.

9. help

v.&n.幫助，幫忙

動詞詞組：help oneself (to sth.)自用(食物)，自取所需;can’t help (doing sth.)忍不住(做)，情不自禁

名詞詞組：with the help of sb.=with sb.’s help在……的幫助下;ask for help尋求幫助

help作動詞時，即是及物動詞，也是不及物動詞。常用結構有help (sb.) with+名詞，help (sb.) in doing sth.，help (sb.) (to) do sth.(接不定式時可以省略to)：

He always helps (her) with the housework.他總是幫著(她)做家務。

She helped (me) (to) organize the party. 她協(xié)助(我)籌備了晚會。

help做名詞時，表示“幫助”時，常接介詞with;還可以指“有幫助的人或物”，這時常接介詞to：

Your advice was a big help to me.你的建議對我很有幫助。

詞性轉換：helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的;helpfully adv.有益地，有用地;helpless adj.無助的;沒用的;helplessly adv.無助地，無能為力地

I was mortified. My hands were shaking. I couldn't help crying ___16___.

16. A. sadly B. shyly C. excitedly D. nervously

10. hide

v.把……藏起來;隱藏

詞形變化：過去式hid，過去分詞hidden

關聯(lián)詞組：hide and seek捉迷藏

用法：hide可作及物動詞表示“把……藏起來，隱瞞……”，也可作不及物動詞，表示“隱藏，隱瞞”。常用的介詞搭配有：hide (sb./sth.) in/under/behind…(把……)藏于……;hide (sb./sth.) from sb.對……隱瞞：

Do not hide your fear from yourself.不要對自己隱瞞你的恐懼。

詞性轉換：hidden adj.隱藏的：hidden trouble/danger隱患

22.Keep trying, ______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.

A.but B.and C.or

11. history

n.歷史;歷史學

關聯(lián)詞組：in history在歷史上;human history人類歷史;modern history近代史;history museum歷史博物館;history teacher歷史老師

詞性轉換：historic adj.有歷史意義的;歷史上著名的;historical adj.歷史的;史學的;基于史實的;historically adv.歷史上地;從歷史觀點上說

注意historic和historical的區(qū)別，historic通常表示具有重要歷史意義的;historical通常表示涉及歷史、史學、過去的事實。試比較：

Today is a historic day for our country.今天是我國具有歷史意義的日子。

He has been doing some historical study.他一直在進行史學研究。

43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next ______________(星期日).

12. hit

v.打，撞，擊中

詞形變化：過去式hit，過去分詞hit

用法：hit sb./sth. with sth.用……擊打……;hit sth. on/against sth.使(身體部位)撞到(某物)：

He hit his head on the low ceiling.他的頭碰了低矮的天花板。

熟詞僻義：hit作名詞時，除了表示“擊，打”，還可表示“很受歡迎的人(或事)”：

His new record is a real hit.他的新專輯極為成功，引起轟動。

近義詞：beat v.(敲)打

Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely.

13. hold

v.拿，抱，握住;進行，舉行

詞形變化：過去式held，過去分詞held

關聯(lián)詞組：hold on=hang on別掛斷;等一下;hold up舉起;hold back隱瞞;抑制;hold onto=hang onto抓住不放

用法：hold除了表示“拿，握，抱”等肢體動作的含義，還經(jīng)常用來表示“進行，舉行，舉辦”的意思，常見搭配有hold a meeting/party/competition等。

Then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position, holding your arms up directly over your head.

14.honest

adj.誠實的，正直的

關聯(lián)詞組：to be honest老實說

honest前面的不定冠詞要用an，不用a：an honest man;

be honest with sb.對某人誠實;be honest about sth.坦誠(不隱瞞)某事

詞性轉換：honesty n.誠實，正直;honestly adv.誠實地，正直地：honestly (speaking)=to be honest老實說

反義詞：dishonest adj.不誠實的，不老實的

To be honest, if I compare China with the US, my answer has always been the same: “We are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.”

15.honour

n.榮譽，榮耀;尊敬

美式拼寫：honor

關聯(lián)詞組：in honour of為紀念……;for the honour of為了……的聲譽;have the honour of有幸……;guest of honour貴賓

用法：復數(shù)形式honours，特指“優(yōu)異成績”：graduate with honours以優(yōu)異成績畢業(yè)

詞性轉換：honoured adj.受尊敬的;honourable adj.榮譽的，值得尊敬的

反義詞：dishonour n.恥辱，丟臉

We encourage our kids to take honors courses(培優(yōu)課程)or to have after-school jobs.

16.human

n.人類;adj.人的，人類的

關聯(lián)詞組：human body/brain人體/腦;human being人;人類;human nature人性

用法：human也可以作名詞，此時human=human being，意為“人，人類”。

詞性轉換：humanly adv.像人地;以人力;humanity n.人類;人道

Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.

17.humorous

adj.幽默的

關聯(lián)詞組：humorous stories幽默故事

詞性轉換：humorously adv.幽默地，滑稽地;humour=humor n.幽默：sense of humour幽默感;black humour黑色幽默

27. What does the underlined word “resolution” mean in the passage?

A. Promise. B. Entertainment. C.Humour D. Secret.

18.hungry

adj.(饑)餓的;渴望的

用法：hungry通常引申為“渴望的”，常用句式有be hungry for sth.或be hungry to do sth.：

She is hungry for success.她渴望成功。

She was hungry to learn.她渴望學習。

詞性轉換：hunger n.饑餓;hungrily adv.饑餓地;渴望地

19. - I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?

- Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer.

A. will be B. was C. is

19.hurry

v.&n.趕快，急忙

動詞詞組：hurry up趕快，快點

名詞詞組：in a hurry著急，匆匆忙忙;in no hurry不著急，不匆忙;in such a hurry如此匆忙

用法：

hurry可搭配一些介詞作狀語，例如：hurry+ along/down：She hurried along the road.她匆匆地沿路而行;

hurry/in a hurry to do sth.表示“著急(趕緊)做某事”：Kate was in a hurry to grow up.凱特急切地想長大。

10.–Tony, hurry up and don't forget to lock the door.

- ___________________. I'm getting my coat.

A. Wait a minute B. No deal C. Nothing serious D. Bad luck

20.hurt

v.傷害，使受傷;感到疼痛

詞形變化：過去式hurt，過去分詞hurt

用法：

hurt作及物動詞，賓語常常為身體部位或者反身代詞：hurt one’s arm/leg/nose;hurt oneself;也常用于被動語態(tài)，如：get hurt受傷了。

hurt作不及物動詞，不接賓語，以身體部位作主語，表示“感到疼痛”，常用搭配有：sth. hurts badly/a lot(某身體部位)很痛;That/It (really) hurts!(真的)好疼!

同義詞：ache v.疼

29. According to the passage, what benefit can we get from trampolining?

A. It helps with bone growth. B. It cures illnesses in our knees.

C. It helps reduce stress on muscles. D. It prevents ears from being hurt.

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