初中英語(yǔ)四大句式陳述句,疑問(wèn)句,祈使句及感嘆句

A. 陳述句

初中英語(yǔ)對(duì)陳述句的考察主要集中在肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。

a. 陳述句的肯定式。

I have already posted the pictures.

They are teachers.

I must go now .

He was reading a magazine at 10:00 yesterday.

b.陳述句的否定式。

(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be, 助動(dòng)詞have, will, shall, be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。

She isn’t a teacher .

He hasn’t been to the zoo .

I can not sing .

(2)若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加上do not，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)用does not，過(guò)去時(shí)用did not。

He didn’t send me an message .

(3)由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, hardly, little, few, seldom, too…to等構(gòu)成的否定句.

Not all the books in our school library can be borrowed .

B. 疑問(wèn)句

英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。

a.一般疑問(wèn)句：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have開(kāi)始，語(yǔ)調(diào)為升調(diào)，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問(wèn)句。

(1)一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

is, am, are, was, were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)

have, has, had+主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

can, may, must等+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞或be…

do, does, did+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞

shall, will, have, has+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞

(2)否定形式的疑問(wèn)句，通常把助動(dòng)詞與not縮寫(xiě)，放在句首。構(gòu)成回答：

Aren’t you a teacher?

Yes, I am .(不，我是)

No, I am not .(對(duì)，我不是)

b. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：以疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, why, how開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。

(1) 如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或其修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)序如陳述句。

Who is on duty today ?

Which book is me ?

(2) 如果疑問(wèn)詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)或其不修飾主語(yǔ)，用“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”形式。

Where have you been ?

c. 選擇疑問(wèn)句：提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，供回答者選擇，并由or連用，但不能用Yes或no 來(lái)回答。

(1) 疑問(wèn)句+選擇成分1+or+選擇成分2?

Do you want coffee or tea ?

Are you an Chinese or an American ?

(2) 特殊問(wèn)句+選擇答案1+or+選擇答案2?

Who runs fast, Jerry , Tim or Lily ?

d. 反意疑問(wèn)句：陳述部分+提問(wèn)部分。

(1) 前肯后否，前否后肯

前后人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)要一致，疑問(wèn)部分要用代詞

如果前面陳述句中有否定詞：hardly, little, few, never, nothing, none , nobody, not, no 等，后面疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)該用肯定式。

My grandma used to be a teacher, didn’t she ?

(2) 陳述句部分是復(fù)合句時(shí)，提問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和助動(dòng)詞要與主句一致。

He was reading when the teacher came in, wasn’t he ?

(3)在“I think(guess, suppose, believe)+賓語(yǔ)從句”中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與后面賓語(yǔ)從句相一致;但若主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱時(shí)，則附加問(wèn)句與前面主句一致。

I don’t think he can pass the exam, can he ?

He believed you had seen her before, didn’t he ?

(4)在含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must 的句子中，若must 表示推測(cè)，提問(wèn)用must后面的動(dòng)詞。若must表示有必要時(shí)，用needn’t。若mustn’t表示禁止時(shí)，提問(wèn)用must。

He must be surprised, isn’t he ?

You must go to Guangzhou, needn’t you?

You mustn’t parking here, must you ?

(5)陳述句部分為祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分常用will you(表請(qǐng)求)。注：let’s 用shall we(包括說(shuō)話人)，let us 用will you(不包括說(shuō)話人)。

Have a cup of tea, will you ?

Let’s go now, shall we ?

Let us go now, will you ?

C. 祈使句

可表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等。(省主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用原形)

(1) let + 第一人稱，第三人稱+(not)動(dòng)詞原形。

Let me try another time .

(2) 動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分

Listen to me carefully .

(3) Don’t (never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。

Don’t look out of the window .

(4) Do+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。

Do give him another chance .

D. 感嘆句

表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情，句尾用“!”。What 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞、副詞。

(1) How + 形容詞 / 副詞

How hot it is today !

How smart the girl is !

How slow she runs !

How hard the boys are working !

How smart a boy he is !

How funny an monkey it is !

(2)What + 名詞

What a cold day it is today !

What an honest woman his mother is !

What small trees they are !

What good students the girls are !

What hot water it is !

What delicious dinner it is !

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