來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-03-24 15:17:55
一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間,引導(dǎo)詞有:when, while, as, till, until before, after, since等。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時(shí)間關(guān)系,以及它在具體句子中對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等問(wèn)題。注意:as(在……時(shí)候,因?yàn)?,since(自從,因?yàn)?,它們可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如:
(1)While my mother was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(read是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,read和watch同事發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.
我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。(對(duì)比)(2)when(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候),引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。從句動(dòng)作可與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。I was reading a book when she came into my room.
(come是瞬間動(dòng)詞,只能用when引導(dǎo),不能用while)I often missed my home when(while) I lived in NewYork.
(live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,when可用while代替)(3)when和while的區(qū)別還在于:while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用于一般時(shí)態(tài)。While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他們談話的時(shí)候,上課鈴響了。(4)as譯作“一邊……一邊”、“隨著……”,側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)可與when,while通用。We always sing as we walk.
我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示“一邊……一邊”)As you grow, you will know more and more。
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)懂得越來(lái)越多。
2.till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句till,until(直到……才):一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。till不可以在句首,而until可以放在句首。注意:如果主句中的的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同。
例如:I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.
直到我父親回來(lái)我才上床睡覺(jué)。(go to bed是瞬間動(dòng)詞,主句用否定形式)I talked until he came back.
我工作到他回來(lái)為止I didn't work until he came back.
他回來(lái)我這才開(kāi)始工作Please wait until I arrived.
在我到達(dá)之前等我。
3.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Since(自從):引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如:I have been in Beijing since you left.
自從你離開(kāi)以來(lái),我一直在北京。Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你見(jiàn)面以后,你到哪里去了?It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.
我們老板離開(kāi)北京有五個(gè)月了。
4.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句注意:(1)before(在……之前):引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定的謂語(yǔ)。(2)當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí);如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)。則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí),這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。(3)after(在……之后):表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。如果主句用的是過(guò)去時(shí),則從句多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:It will be four days before they come back.
他們要過(guò)四天才能回來(lái)My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后,我們回家了(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
5.由as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:這些連詞都表示“一……就”。
例如:I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早飯,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I went to the school.
我一聽(tīng)到消息,馬上趕到了學(xué)校。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大,就給你來(lái)電話。注意hardly(scarcely,rarely)……when,before,no sooner …than相當(dāng)于as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in .
我剛坐下,他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。
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