過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1概念引入

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的概念：

過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間可用by, before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，也可用when, before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過(guò)上下文提示等。

His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.

當(dāng)他終于收到他盼望已久的雜志時(shí)，他興奮得兩眼閃光。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.

12歲時(shí)，愛(ài)迪生就開(kāi)始自己謀生。

2用法講解

1. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)基本構(gòu)成形式: had +過(guò)去分詞。

We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.

在半夜之前我們已登上了山頂。

2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的否定形式: had + not + 過(guò)去分詞。

They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.

我們到那兒時(shí),他們還沒(méi)有完成工作。

3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答形式:

疑問(wèn)句要把had提到句首;回答用Yes, 主語(yǔ)+ had. / No, 主語(yǔ)+ hadn’t.

—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告訴過(guò)你早點(diǎn)兒到那兒?jiǎn)?

—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告訴了。(不,他沒(méi)有。)

注意：had not 常簡(jiǎn)略為hadn't。

2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的主要用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一樣。不同的是，過(guò)去完成時(shí)把時(shí)間推移到了過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。

1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作。

Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.

海倫把鑰匙忘到辦公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回來(lái)。

When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.

當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。

He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告訴我他以前參觀過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。

When Jack arrived，he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.

杰克到達(dá)后得知瑪麗離開(kāi)近一個(gè)小時(shí)了。

2)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常和for, since構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。

By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.

到我畢業(yè)時(shí)，他已經(jīng)教那個(gè)班三年了。

He said he had made great progress since he came here.

他說(shuō)自從他來(lái)這里他已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。

3)放在said，told，asked，thought，wondered等過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面，表示在這些動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情。

My friend told me that he had passed the exam.

我的朋友告訴我，他已通過(guò)了考試。

He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.

他問(wèn)我前一天晚上是否看過(guò)那部電影。

She wondered who had left the door open.

她想知道誰(shuí)敞著門(mén)的。

【拓展】

1)用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。

在此句型中，主句用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.

這是三十九年后他們第一次見(jiàn)面。

It was the first time we had spoken together.

這是我們第一次在一起說(shuō)話。

2)當(dāng)before , after, as soon as 等引導(dǎo)的從句里的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作緊密銜接時(shí)，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)說(shuō)明了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，因此兩個(gè)動(dòng)作均可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.

做完早操之后，我們吃早飯。

The train started to move just before we reached the station.

我們到車站時(shí)火車剛開(kāi)動(dòng)。

As soon as they got there, they started to study.

他們一到那里就開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)了。

I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party.

A. left，had arrived

B. left，arrived

C. had left，had arrived

D. had left，arrived

2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year.

A. had learned

B. have learned

C. learned

D. will have learned

3. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk.

A. think，lost

B. thought，had lost

C. think，had lost

D. thought，have lost

4. —Did you see Mr. Smith when you were in France?

—No, when I _____ France, he ______ to China.

A. had arrived, had gone

B. arrived to, went

C. got to, had gone

D. had got to, would go

5. Catherine ______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.

A. had written

B. was written

C. has written

D. is writing

6.—I have bought you the books you want.

—Oh，good，I afraid you had forgotten.

A.wasB.amC.had beenD.have been

7.—Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday?

—He Beijing.

A.has gone to

B.had gone to

C.went to

D.had　been to

8.The bus had gone when I_______at the bus stop.

A.have arrived

B.arrived

C.had arrived

D.am　arriving

9. The police found that the house ______and a lot of things_____.

A. has broken into, has been stolen

B. had been broken into, had been stolen

C. has been broken into, stolen

D. had been broken into, stolen

10. We _________the work by six yesterday evening.

A. finished

B. would finish

C. had finished

D. had been finished

II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1. Mary _____ already _____(try) the dress on before she bought it.

2. I was surprised to find that all my classmates _____(go) to the lab when I _____(get) to the classroom.

3. When she _____ (finish) her work in the office, Mrs. Smith left.

4. Mr. Feng _____ (teach) Lesson 2 by the end of last week.

5. Mr. Smith _____(live) in Europe for fifteen years before he _____(go) to Australia.

6. By ten yesterday evening, she _______(finish) writing.

7.______you ever_______(read) his new novel?

8. She asked if Mr. Liu _______already________(leave).

9. It ______ (stop) raining when I woke up this morning.

10. When he ______(come) to China two years ago, he found people didn’t understand him at all though he ______(learn )some Chinese in his own country.

III. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。

1. 到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。

By six o’clock they _______ (work)for eight hours.

2. 我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。

When I came to GuangZhou, he _______(be) there for a long time.

3.到上個(gè)月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。

By the middle of last month we ______(live) in Beijing for five years.

4. 到昨晚上，他已寫(xiě)完那封信。

By yesterday evening he _________ (write) that letter.

5. 他說(shuō)他以前見(jiàn)過(guò)你。

He said that he ________(see) you before.

6. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。

When I came in he _________(finish) his homework.

7. 他告訴我說(shuō)他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。

He told me that his team ________ already _______ (win).

8. 她說(shuō)她仍沒(méi)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。

She said that she ________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.

參考答案

I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。

1. D。句意為“湯姆很失望，當(dāng)他到達(dá)宴會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了”。guests先“離開(kāi)”，Tom后“到達(dá)”。

2. A。根據(jù)by短語(yǔ)中的last year可知“到去年年末已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作”。

3. B。句意為“那支我以為已經(jīng)丟了的鋼筆就在我的桌子上”。“丟筆”是在“認(rèn)為”之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

4. C。when引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

5. A。before引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句動(dòng)作表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

6. A。句意為“我擔(dān)心你已經(jīng)忘記了”。這里從句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以主句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

7. B。句意表示“湯姆在昨天之前就已經(jīng)去北京了，但是還沒(méi)有回來(lái)”。

8. B。句意為“當(dāng)我到車站時(shí)，公共汽車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了”。由于主句用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以when引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

9. B。本句考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為“警察發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被非法闖入，許多東西被盜。”

10.C。句意為“截止昨天晚上六點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)完成了工作”。

II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。

1. had; tried 2. had gone; got

3. had finished 4. had taught

5. had lived; went6. had finished

7. Have; read 8. had; left

9. had stopped 10. came; had learned

III. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子。

1. had worked 2. had been

3. had lived 4. had written

5. had seen6. had finished

7. had，won 8. hadn’t been to

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