來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-09-25 20:38:13
賓語(yǔ)從句為中考的必考點(diǎn),主要在單項(xiàng)選擇題中考查,側(cè)重考查其引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用。一般至少會(huì)涉及兩個(gè)考查點(diǎn)。
①引導(dǎo)詞相同,語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)不同;
②時(shí)態(tài)一致,語(yǔ)序和引導(dǎo)詞不同。而且通常都會(huì)在一些固定的句型中涉及,如I wonder,Would/Could you please tell me.,Can you tell me,Do you know, I don’t know等等。
考生在做此類(lèi)試題時(shí),首先從語(yǔ)序著手,賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該為陳述句語(yǔ)序,
即:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+其他;再?gòu)臅r(shí)態(tài)考慮,一般情況下,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,但是,如果有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),要以時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷時(shí)態(tài);最后,再根據(jù)答語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷疑問(wèn)詞。
1賓語(yǔ)從句概述
置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序。
時(shí)
態(tài)
主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
我記得他昨天給了我一本書(shū)。
He says that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
他說(shuō)明天他將動(dòng)身去紐約。
主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí))
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
他告訴我他將會(huì)參加跳高比賽。
He asked me if I had taken his soap.
他問(wèn)我是否拿了他的肥皂。
當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理)
他告訴我地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
語(yǔ)
序
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。把兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子連成一個(gè)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí),要特別注意從句的語(yǔ)序,即按照主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)的順序
What’s Kate’s e-mail address?Do you know?
→Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?
你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎?
引
導(dǎo)
詞
(1)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),用that引導(dǎo)
“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.
→The teacher told us(that)she was a good girl.
老師告訴我們她是一個(gè)好女孩。
(2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用whether或if連接,句尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句
“Are you from Japan?”he asked me.
=He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.
他問(wèn)我是不是來(lái)自日本。
“Do you like watching TV?”he asked me.
=He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.
他問(wèn)我是否喜歡看電視。
(3)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)時(shí),連接詞就用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞,但從句一定要注意用陳述句語(yǔ)序
When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me?
=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?
你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候去的日本嗎?
2注意點(diǎn)
(1)否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose等時(shí),要將賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式,而賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come with you.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。
(2)賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化
①當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的電子郵件。
②當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步該做什么。
③當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask,tell,show,teach等,且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
Will you please show me how I can work it out?=Will you please show me how to work it out?請(qǐng)你告訴我怎樣把它解出來(lái)好嗎?
④賓語(yǔ)從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。
I don’t believe what Tom said.=I don’t believe Tom’s words.我不相信湯姆的話。
3賓語(yǔ)從句解題技巧
1.牢記賓語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)的記憶口訣:
賓語(yǔ)從句需注意,幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。
一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞,不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that;一般疑問(wèn)是否(if,whether)替;特殊問(wèn)句更好辦,引導(dǎo)還用疑問(wèn)詞。
二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化,主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意;主句若為過(guò)去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)變相應(yīng)過(guò); 從句若為真理時(shí),永用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
三是語(yǔ)序要記清,從句永保陳述序。
2.用好排除法
從時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序、引導(dǎo)詞三個(gè)方面綜合考慮,逐個(gè)排查選項(xiàng)。
練一練
1.—Could you tell me ?
—You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.
A.when I should pay for the course
B.what the best part of the course is
C.how long the shortest course lasts
D.where I can go sightseeing after class
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你能告訴我這個(gè)課程最好的方面是什么嗎?——你將會(huì)和一個(gè)英國(guó)家庭待在一起,參與他們的日常生活。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。由答句“You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.”可知,題干中第一句問(wèn)的是“什么”,故答案選擇B。
2.—Did you notice in her office?
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A.what was Miss Lin doing
B.what Miss Lin was doing
C.what does Miss Lin do
D.what Miss Lin does
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你有沒(méi)有注意到林老師在她的辦公室里做什么?——注意到了。她在批閱我們的作文。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除A和C;根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),因此選B。
3.—Dear friends, do you still remember three years ago?
—To realize our dreams!
A.why you came here
B.why did you come here
C.how you came here
D.how did you come here
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——親愛(ài)的朋友們,你們還記得三年前為什么來(lái)這里嗎?——為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想!本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。答語(yǔ)是表示目的的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),故此處應(yīng)該用why,且賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序,故選A。
4.—I wonder .
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A.when you often meet your friends
B.how you make your friends happy
C.who you want to make friends with
D.where you spend weekends with friends
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——我想知道你想跟誰(shuí)做朋友。——能讓我成為更好的自己的人。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。答句中關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,描述了某一類(lèi)人,所以本題應(yīng)該是問(wèn)哪一類(lèi)人。故選C項(xiàng)。
5.—Could you tell me tomorrow?
—It will be sunny.
A.what will the weather be like
B.what the weather will be like
C.when will the weather be sunny
D.when the weather will be sunny
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你能告訴我明天天氣怎么樣嗎?——將會(huì)是晴天。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為tomorrow,應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序,故選B。
6.—Have you decided the Expo 2019 Beijing?
—This summer holiday.
A.how are you going to
B.how you are going to
C.when are you going to
D.when you are going to
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——你決定什么時(shí)候去2019年北京世博會(huì)了嗎?——今年暑假。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知,對(duì)方問(wèn)的是時(shí)間,所以可排除A和B。C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有用陳述句語(yǔ)序,也可以被排除,故選D。
7.—Do you know ?
—Yes, we’ll take a bus there.
A.when we will go to the museum tomorrow
B.when will we go to the museum tomorrow
C.how we will go to the museum tomorrow
D.how will we go to the museum tomorrow
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——你知道我們明天怎么去博物館嗎?——知道,我們將坐公交車(chē)去那兒。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)的是方式,因此可排除A、B選項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序可知此題應(yīng)選C。
8.—Alice, could you tell me London?
—Sure. Last Sunday.
A.when Mr. Smith left
B.when Mr. Smith will leave
C.when did Mr. Smith leave
D.when will Mr. Smith leave
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——Alice,你可以告訴我史密斯先生什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)倫敦的嗎?——當(dāng)然可以,上周日。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此處應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故選擇A。
9.—Please tell me .
—At ten o’clock.
A.where you have your English lesson
B.where do you have your English lesson
C.what time you have your English lesson
D.what time do you have your English lesson
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——請(qǐng)告訴我你幾點(diǎn)有英語(yǔ)課。——在十點(diǎn)。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知問(wèn)的是時(shí)間,故將A、B排除。再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,將D排除。故選C。
10.—Excuse me! Do you know ?
—It’s two kilometers away from here.
A.where is the supermarket
B.when does the supermarket open
C.where the supermarket is
D.when the supermarket opens
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——打擾一下!你知道超市在哪里嗎?——它離這里有兩千米遠(yuǎn)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)回答two kilometers away可知選where;動(dòng)詞know后面接的是賓語(yǔ)從句,故要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即把is放在supermarket后面。故選C。
11.—Tom, I went to the party yesterday evening.
—Oh, I want to know at the party.
A.who do you meet
B.who you meet
C.who did you meet
D.who you met
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——湯姆,昨天晚上我去那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。——哦,我想知道在聚會(huì)上你遇到了誰(shuí)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序;根據(jù)句意可知聚會(huì)是昨晚的事,應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D。
12.Could you please tell me ?
A.where are you from
B.how can I get there
C.what’s the matter with you
D.where does he live
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:請(qǐng)你告訴我你怎么了好嗎? 本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序,A、B、D項(xiàng)為疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序,故排除。What’s the matter with you 為陳述句語(yǔ)序,故選C項(xiàng)。
13.—I really want to watch Operation Red Sea(《紅海行動(dòng)》). Could you tell me ?
—Sure. It’ll be on show at Town Cinema.
A.when will it be on show
B.when it will be on show
C.where will it be on show
D.where it will be on show
【答案】 D
【解析】 句意:——我真的想看《紅海行動(dòng)》。你能告訴我它將在哪里上映嗎?——當(dāng)然。它將在城鎮(zhèn)電影院上映。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。由答語(yǔ)中的at Town Cinema可知,問(wèn)句應(yīng)提問(wèn)地點(diǎn),應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo),故排除A和B項(xiàng)。又因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序,由此可知本題選擇D。
14.—Judy, could you tell me the schoolbag?
—Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A.where did you buy
B.where will you buy
C.where you bought
D.where you will buy
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——朱迪,你能告訴我你在哪里買(mǎi)的書(shū)包嗎?——哦,好的。我在網(wǎng)上的一家商店里買(mǎi)的。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句采用陳述句語(yǔ)序,結(jié)合答語(yǔ)使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知應(yīng)選C。
15.Mr Jackson hasn’t decided this weekend.
A.where he will have a picnic
B.where will he have a picnic
C.where he had a picnic
D.where did he have a picnic
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:杰克遜先生還沒(méi)有決定這個(gè)周末要去哪里野餐。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序:引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他,排除B、D項(xiàng);因?yàn)槭菦](méi)決定本周末要做的事,所以用將來(lái)時(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。
16.—Excuse me, could you please tell me the Science Museum?
—Sure. Go along the street and turn left. It’s next to Bank of China.
A.when I can get to
B.when can I get to
C.how I can get to
D.how can I get to
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——勞駕,請(qǐng)你告訴我去科學(xué)博物館怎么走好嗎?——可以。沿著這條街走然后左轉(zhuǎn)。就在中國(guó)銀行的旁邊。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除B、D兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,故選C項(xiàng)。
17.—What did Tom say to you just now,John?
—He asked .
A.why I am so happy today
B.what will I do for the weekend
C.who did I play football with after school
D.if I could go to the movies with him tonight
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——約翰,剛才湯姆對(duì)你說(shuō)了什么?——他問(wèn)我今晚是否可以和他一起去看電影。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除B、C兩項(xiàng);主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句應(yīng)該使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),排除A項(xiàng)。故答案為D。
18—Can you tell me ?
—He lives in Shanghai.
A.where Mark lives
B.where does Mark live
C.where Mark lived
D.where did Mark live
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——你能告訴我馬克住在哪里嗎?——他住在上海。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,由答語(yǔ)中的lives可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故答案為A。
19.—Do you know ?
—Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.
A.why did they move here
B.why they moved here
C.when did they move here
D.when they moved here
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:——你知道他們什么時(shí)候搬到這兒來(lái)的嗎?——讓我想想。我記得是在三月十八號(hào)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序,排除A、C兩項(xiàng);答語(yǔ)回答的是時(shí)間,應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。故選D。
20.—Are you going camping this afternoon?
—A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure the road to the mountains will be closed.
A.which B.what C.whether D.why
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——今天下午你要去野營(yíng)嗎?——臺(tái)風(fēng)要來(lái)了。我不確定通往山上的那條路是否將要被關(guān)閉。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。從句成分完整,主句為否定形式,應(yīng)用whether/if,在此處只起連接作用。故選C項(xiàng)。
21.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.
A.how happy was he
B.how happy he was
C.how was he happy
D.how he happy was
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:富蘭克林告訴他們所有人他再一次來(lái)到英國(guó)是多么高興。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序且形容詞應(yīng)與how緊挨著,故答案為B項(xiàng)。
22.—Mum,can you tell me ?I dreamed of him last night.
—Next week.
A.when my dad comes back
B.where my dad goes
C.when my dad will come back
D.where my dad will go
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——媽媽,你能告訴我爸爸什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎?我昨晚夢(mèng)到他了。——下周。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)回答(Next week.)可知應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)且連接詞用when,故答案為C項(xiàng)。
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