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2024年初中英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況都有哪些

來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-10-05 19:28:41

中考真題

(1) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)(不及物動(dòng)詞)

系動(dòng)詞 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等 + 形容詞/名詞

Ice feels cold.

His plan proved (to be) practical.

The milk has gone bad.

關(guān)于系動(dòng)詞 ↓

(2) 表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)”的詞(不及物動(dòng)詞)

begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等

Work began at 7 o'clock this morning.

The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.

(3) 表示主語(yǔ)屬性的詞(不及物動(dòng)詞)

read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, lock, dry, eat, drink等，不單獨(dú)使用，要加修飾語(yǔ)

The coat washes easily. 容易洗

Your book reads very well. 讀起來(lái)不錯(cuò)

The material has worn thin. 磨薄了

The match won't catch. 擦不著

The car won't start. 發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)

The plan worked out wonderfully. 進(jìn)展得好

(4) 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，可以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

print, cook, sell, build等

The book is printing. 書正在印刷。

The meat is cooking. 肉正在燉著。

The house is building. 房子正在建。

(5) 介詞“in / on / under等 + 名詞”表被動(dòng)

表示方位或目的的介詞+表示動(dòng)作的名詞，相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式

under control / treatment / repair / discussion / construction

beyond belief / one's reach / one's control

for sale / rent

in print / sight

on sale / show / trial

out of control / sight / one's reach / fashion

The rumor is beyond belief ( = can't be believed ).

Today some treasures are on show ( = are being shown) in the museum.

(6) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及物動(dòng)詞或詞組

have (有), wish (希望), cost (花費(fèi)), last (持續(xù)), date back to (追溯到), run out (用完), agree with (同意), arrive at/in (到達(dá)), shake hands with (握手), succeed in (成功), suffer from (受苦), take part in (參加), walk into/enter (走進(jìn)), belong to (屬于)等

I have an apple.

This apartment cost him two million dollars.

Refugees are suffering from hunger.

〖注意〗嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，所有“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的詞組都不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。同時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)是介詞賓語(yǔ)，不是動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。

(7) 動(dòng)詞不定式

① 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，能在句中找到動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則可以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，否則只能被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

I have a question to ask you. (I是ask的發(fā)出者)

I have a lot of documents to type, so I will have to work for extra hours. (I是type的發(fā)出者)

Would you like something to drink? (you是drink的發(fā)出者)

He lent me some books to read. (me是read的發(fā)出者)

Please give me a pencil to write with. (me是write的發(fā)出者)

② 疑問(wèn)代詞 + 不定式，能在句中找到動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則可以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

I don't know what to do next.

She will tell you which bus to take.

Do you know whom to go with?

關(guān)于不定式作定語(yǔ) ↓

③ there be + 名詞 + 不定式(定語(yǔ))，可以用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義

There is nothing to worry about.

There is no time to waste.

☀有時(shí)主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)表達(dá)的意思不同，主動(dòng)形式強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，被動(dòng)形式強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況

There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do.)

There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)

There is nothing to see. (Nothing there is worth seeing.)

There is nothing to be seen. (There is nothing.)

④ 不定式作狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，句中如果有影響動(dòng)作完成的形容詞(easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, nice, good, interesting, important, fit, impossible, pleasant, light, heavy, bitter, comfortable, cheap, expensive, funny, exciting, delicious等)，則可以主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

The water in the lake is unfit to drink. (不定式作狀語(yǔ))

The strawberries are nice to eat. (不定式作狀語(yǔ))

The problem is easy to work out. (不定式作狀語(yǔ))

The man is hard to please. (不定式作狀語(yǔ))

The room is comfortable to live in. (不定式作狀語(yǔ))

I find the lecture difficult to understand. (不定式作賓補(bǔ))

I find him pleasant to work with.(不定式作賓補(bǔ))

⑤ be to blame (該對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé))與be to let (待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)，都是不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

Who is to blame for the accident?

This house is to let.

(8) 動(dòng)詞-ing形式

① want, need, require, demand, request, deserve + v-ing，主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義