○3 只能用which的情況：

　　a． 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。 This is the house in which we lived last year .

　　b． 先行詞本身是that 。 The clock is that which I bought yesterday .

　　c． 非限制性定語從句。 His English , which used to be very poor, is now excellent .

　　○4 定語從句在句中作定語，所以在使用時，相當于現(xiàn)在分詞短語，過去分詞短語，動詞不定式短語，介詞短語作后置定語的句子。

　　a．I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun . = I bought a book written by Lu Xun .

　　b．Tell the children who are playing basketball not to do that . = Tell the children playing basketball not to do that .

　　c．The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987 . = The house standing at the corner was built in 1987 .

　　d．We have nothing that we should fear . = We have nothing to fear .

　　e．The book that is on the table is expensive . = The book on the table is expensive .

　　○5 引導詞when, where和why可用相應的表示時間（in, on, at, during等）、地點（in, on, at等）和原因（for）的介詞＋which 表達為介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　a．I still remember the day when I met her for the first time . ---- I still remember the day on which I met her for the first time .

　　b．That is the place where I went when I was a child . ----- That is the place to which I went when I was a child .

　　c．May I know the reason why you are late ? ----- May I know the reason for which you are late ?

　　○6 在定語從句中，不能再出現(xiàn)指示先行詞的指示代詞。

　　I just can't find the book which/that she lent it to me .（×）---- I just can't find the book which/that she lent to me .（√）

　　○7 注意下面的變化：

　　a． This is the house(不作lived的賓語) where we lived last year .

　　This is the house(作lived in的賓語) which/that we lived in last year .

　　b． This is the day (不作left的賓語)when we left for Shenzhen .

　　This is the day (作spent的賓語)which/that we spent in Shenzhen .

　　○8 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

　　a． 限制性定語從句：是句中不可缺少的組成部分，沒有從句，先行詞意思不明確，主句也不完整，從句主句不用逗號分開。

　　b． 非限制性定語從句：是主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有從句并不影響主句意思的明確或完整，這種定語從句一般用逗號和主句分開，在非限制性定語從句中，一般不用that。

　　◎ Last Sunday they reached Dalian, where a meeting was to be held .

　　◎ She has two brothers, who are both doctors .

　�、� There be 句型

　　1． 英語"There + be + (not)"結(jié)構(gòu)表示"有（沒有）某人或某物"時，there 是無詞義的引導詞，be是謂語動詞，它后面的名詞是主語，兩者再數(shù)上必須一致。句末往往有表示地點或時間的狀語。

　　2． 肯定句：There +(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)＋be 主語＋地點（時間）狀語。

　　There is a pen on the table . / There will be a football match tomorrow .

　　3． 否定句：There + be(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)＋not（any）(或＋no)+ 主語…。

　　There are not fairies in the world . / There wasn't a underground in Shanghai before ./ There won't be a football match tomorrow .

　　4． 一般疑問句：Be + there +(any) +主語… ？ / 助動詞或情態(tài)動詞 ＋ there +be +(any) + 主語… ？

　　Is there anything I can do for you ? / Will there be cloud tomorrow ?

　　5． 特殊疑問句：疑問詞（＋名詞）＋be ＋there + 狀語 ？

　　How many weeks are there in a year ? / What is there on the desk ? / Where will there be a football match tomorrow ?

　　6． 如果there +be 之后是并列主語，應根據(jù)離be 最近的名詞來選擇be的形式。

　　There is a apple and two pears on the table . / There are two pears and a apple on the table .

　　7． 含有引導詞there 的句子用seem to be , happen to be , used to be 或live 等作謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop . / There used to be a temple here

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